![]() The gradients remain stable for up to 120 h with no need for external pumping systems and with minimal user intervention because on‐device evaporation and capillary forces are the sole drivers. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of the porous devices reveals that mechanical dispersion, rather than diffusion or flow velocity, dominates the gradient formation. The intrinsic microporosity of the 3D‐printed devices produces efficient flow‐independent gradient profiles. ![]() This paper describes a platform for the manufacture of autonomous CGGs through inkjet 3D printing on a powder bed. The concentration gradient generators (CGG) developed previously have used either static gradients or gradients maintained by a continuous co‐flow. The 3D RheoPrinter opens for a rheological experimentation to a broad audience and it offers important insights to bring FDM to the next level of resolution.Ĭoncentration gradients feature widely in many biomedical processes (e.g., cell evolution, chemotaxis, personalized healthcare, and drug screening). The social and scientific impacts of this work are maximized by the cost-efficiency and simplicity of the design that makes it within reach of the general public. The vision of this work is that an inline rheological characterization, possible with the developed 3D RheoPrinter, can enable automatic process optimization and quality assurance to the 3D printing community. In the last part of this work, it is presented a printing test for building 3D structures in which the results show controllable resolution by means of the measured rheological information such as the extrudate swell. Moreover, the 3D RheoPrinter can still be used as 3D printer. The results of the shear viscosity and the first normal stress difference coefficient, as function of shear rate, show a good agreement between the 3D RheoPrinter and rotational rheometer with an error of about 6% for a confidence interval of 96%. polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, are investigated as model systems to test the 3D RheoPrinter. ![]() The measurements of the nonlinear rheological behaviour are compared with traditional, rotational rheology. By using a piezoresistive mini-transducer, the innovative system is designed to be applicable to all Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printers by a simple and cost-effective modification of a state-of-art nozzle. In the current work, the nonlinear rheological behaviour of polymer melts is measured through a table-top 3D printer (3D RheoPrinter) that, smartly modified, allows inline investigation of viscosity, extrudate swell and melt fracture. 3D printing is changing the way we conceive, design, and build 3D objects in mechanical, biomedical, aerospace, construction, automotive and maritime industries. ![]()
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